The tutorial sets up a new Java project and class to handle days of the week. It starts with if statements to check a number (e.g., 1 for Sunday, 2 for Monday) and print the corresponding day, noting how repetitive this is. It then introduces switch case as a cleaner alternative, using the switch keyword with the variable in parentheses and curly braces for cases. Each case handles a specific value, like case 1 for Sunday, eliminating the need for multiple if conditions and improving code readability.