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SQL

7 Units30 Lessons
Unit 1

Basics

Introduction to SQL Syntax and Data Types
Executing Simple SELECT Queries
Inserting, Updating, and Deleting Data Basics
Real-World Project: Building a Simple Inventory Database
Unit 2

Advanced Query Techniques

Using Aggregations and Grouping Functions
Advanced String and Date Manipulation Functions
Working with Common Table Expressions (CTEs)
Implementing Window Functions for Data Analysis
Real-World Project: Analyzing Sales Data with Advanced Queries
Unit 3

Joins and Subqueries

Understanding Inner and Outer Joins
Using Subqueries in SELECT Statements
Nesting Subqueries in WHERE and FROM Clauses
Exploring Self-Joins and Cross Joins
Real-World Project: Merging Data from Multiple Tables
Unit 4

Database Design and Normalization

Fundamentals of Database Design Principles
Applying First, Second, and Third Normal Forms
Real-World Project: Designing and Normalizing a Relational Database
Advanced Normalization Techniques like BCNF
Unit 5

Transactions and Concurrency Control

Basics of SQL Transactions and ACID Properties
Implementing Commit, Rollback, and Savepoints
Concurrency Control with Locking Mechanisms
Real-World Project: Managing Transactions in a Banking System
Unit 6

Indexing and Performance Optimization

Introduction to SQL Indexing and Its Types
Real-World Project: Optimizing a Large-Scale Database
Query Optimization Techniques and Execution Plans
Creating and Managing Indexes for Query Speed
Unit 7

Advanced Topics in SQL Integration

Integrating SQL with External Data Sources
Real-World Project: Building an Integrated SQL Application
Using Triggers and Stored Procedures for Automation
Views and Materialized Views in Complex Systems
Unit 4•Chapter 2

Applying First, Second, and Third Normal Forms

Summary

Normalization in SQL organizes database data to eliminate redundancy and ensure logical dependencies. It decomposes tables into smaller ones through a multi-step process. The main types include First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), Third Normal Form (3NF), and Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF). Its purposes are to remove repeated data and make data relationships logical. Without normalization, data anomalies occur, such as insertion anomalies, where adding new records like an employee without a department leads to null values and inefficiencies in large datasets.

Concept Check

0/5

Which normal form requires no transitive dependencies in a table with attributes EmployeeID, DepartmentID, and DepartmentName?

In a table with composite key OrderID and ProductID, what violates Second Normal Form if CustomerName depends on OrderID only?

How would you normalize a table where City depends on ZipCode, and ZipCode on EmployeeID?

What anomaly arises from not applying First Normal Form in a table with multiple values in one column?

For a table in Second Normal Form, what must be true regarding functional dependencies?

PreviousFundamentals of Database Design Principles
NextReal-World Project: Designing and Normalizing a Relational Database